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Showing posts with label resistivity. Show all posts
Showing posts with label resistivity. Show all posts

Friday, November 18, 2011

Landviser’s on-line store is being re-created

Landviser, LLC is a small geo-consulting family owned company with offices in Houston, TX and Moscow, Russia. We develop and sell Electrical Geophysical Devices & Geophysical Imaging Software and also provide Consulting & Training Services in Geophysics, GIS, and Basic Soil Science. Our exclusive hand-held LandMapper devices are geared toward near-surface geophysical explorations (<25 m depth), and most suitable for archaeological, forensic, engineering, agricultural, ecological and hydrological applications. Current model, ERM-02 - electrical conductivity (EC), resistivity (ER), self-potential (SP) - is highly portable, accurate and very competitively priced (<2,500$US). Basic model, ERM-01 - electrical resistivity only - (<1,600$US) is also available. We have expertise in other electrical geophysical equipment, used for deeper geophysical prospecting, such as AGI and ABEM systems.
Our on-line store is being re-created. Meanwhile, you can still place orders for LandMappers ERM-01/ ERM-02 and accessories, GIS consulting, or geophysical software RES2DINV / RES3DINV. Download our Catalog or contact us for personal quote. We ship worldwide and accept PayPal, VISA/MC and wire-transfers to our US bank account.

More information about our products and services:
Main web: www.landviser.com
Store: www.landviser.biz
Toll-free (USA/Canada): 888-306-LAND (5263)
Phone (International): +1-609-412-0555
Blog: http://landviser.blogspot.com
LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/larisagolovko
Fax: +1-815-301-8955
Landviser develops innovative non-invasive technologies (hand-held equipment and software) for mapping and monitoring core biosphere components: soils, plants and groundwater. We provide custom research system integration and consulting on electrical geophysics applications in agricultural and environmental sciences; GIS; geostatistics; and remote sensing. Depending on your project we can assist with equipment/software procurement and develop training courses in geophysical equipment (ERM-02 and ABEM) and software (GIS, seismic and resistivity imaging).
We are an international consulting company with headquarters in Texas, USA and business contacts in Canada, Russia, Malaysia, Philippines, Middle East, China and South America.
Please, do not hesitate to contact me,
Larisa Golovko (Pozdnyakova) - info@landviser.com

landmapper-posterLandMapper ERM-01 is a hand-held resistivity meter which accepts Wenner (as well as any other four-electrode arrays, dipole-dipole or square ones f.e.). It can sense down to 15 meters in most soils. You can use hyperlinks to download our publications about LandMapper and popular geophysical freeware/shareware. 
LandMapper ERM-02 measures electrical resistivity (ER), electrical conductivity (EC) and natural electrical potential (EP) from soil surface down to 25 m depth as well as in soil pits, pots, samples, pastes and water solutions. Don't let the small size fool you - LandMapper ERM-02 measures electrical parameters in a widest range possible (from ultra-pure water and rocks to ocean waters) with the accuracy comparable to the standard devices used in electrical geophysical prospecting, like ABEM, Syscal, etc,  but weights and costs TEN times less!
The applications of LandMapper are not limited to soils but can be extended to any semisolid media and even live plants! Download new LandMapper ERM-02 brochure or complete manual.
We now have limited quantities of both models in stock - basic ERM-01 with resistivity mode only for $1,579 (sug. retail) and ERM-02 (resistivity, conductivity, and self-potential) for  $2,437 (sug. retail).  Probes and arrays can be easily constructed from common hardware, but we can build probes to your specs for very reasonable price and can provide other accessories.
Note, that we also offer dealers' and academia discounts on equipment and software!

Thursday, November 10, 2011

Our popular LandMapper devices are back in stock!

fig1bLandMapper ERM-01 is a hand-held resistivity meter that can accept Wenner (as well as any other four-electrodelandmapper-erm02 configuration, dipole-dipole or square ones f.e.). It can sense down to 15 meters in most soils. You can use hyperlinks to download our publications about LandMapper and popular geophysical freeware/shareware.

LandMapper ERM-02 measures electrical resistivity (ER), electrical conductivity (EC) and natural electrical potential (EP) from soil surface down to 25 m depth as well as in soil pits, pots, samples, pastes and water solutions. Don't let the small size fool you - LandMapper ERM-02 measures electrical parameters in a widest range possible (from ultra-pure water and rocks to ocean waters) with the accuracy comparable to the standard devices used in electrical geophysical prospecting, like ABEM, Syscal, etc,  but weights and costs TEN times less!

The applications of LandMapper are not limited to soils but can be extended to any semisolid media and even live plants! Download new LandMapper ERM-02 brochure or complete manual.DSCN0022

fig3We now have limited quantities of both models in stock - basic ERM-01 with resistivity mode only for $1,579 (sug. retail) and ERM-02 (resistivity, conductivity, and self-potential) for  $2,437 (sug. retail).  Probes and arrays can be easily constructed from common hardware, but we can build probes to your specs for very reasonable price and can provide other accessories.  DSCN0014Note, that we also offer dealers' and academia discounts!

We ship worldwide and accept PayPal, VISA/MC and wire-transfers to our US bank account. Customers from USA may also pay with Purchase Order. Landviser, LLC is US government vendor and service provider and is registered in CCR.

Please, inquire early to insure device availability for your intended research project! Do not hesitate to contact me to discuss suitability of our equipment for YOUR applications. We at Landviser, LLC are always "enlightening research" for you!

landviser-logoBest,

Larisa Golovko (Pozdnyakova), Ph.D. (thesis "Electrical properties of soils")

Thursday, February 10, 2011

LandMapper ERM-02: Handheld Meter for Near-Surface Electrical Geophysical Surveys

was just published in
Golovko L, Pozdnyakov A, Pozdnyakova A (2010) LandMapper ERM-02: Handheld Meter for Near-Surface Electrical Geophysical Surveys. FastTIMES (EEGS) 15: 85-93. http://www.eegs.org/Publications/FASTTIMES.aspx  Accessed 6 June 2011
Abstract     On-the-go sensors, designed to measure soil electrical resistivity (ER) or electrical conductivity (EC) are vital for faster non-destructive soil mapping in precision agriculture, civicover_dec2010_v240l and environmental engineering, archaeology and other near-surface applications. Compared with electromagnetic methods and ground penetrating radar, methods of EC/ER measured with direct current and a four-electrode probe have fewer limitations and were successfully applied on clayish and saline soils as well as on highly resistive sandy soils, such as Alfisols and Spodosols. However, commercially available contact devices, which utilize a four-electrode principle, are bulky, very expensive, and can be used only on fallow fields. Multi-electrode ER-imaging systems applied in deep geophysical explorations are heavy, cumbersome and their use is usually cost-prohibited in many near-surface applications, such as forestry, archaeology, environmental site assessment and cleanup, and in agricultural surveys on farms growing perennial horticultural crops, vegetables, or turf-grass. In such applications there is a need for an accurate, portable, low-cost device to quickly check resistivity of the ground on-a-spot, especially on the sites non-accessible to heavy machinery.
      Here are direct links to full issue of FastTIMES on EEGS website
      low resolution http://www.eegs.org/Portals/2/FastTimeFiles/ft1504_Dec2010_low_r02.pdf
      high resolution http://www.eegs.org/Portals/2/FastTimeFiles/ft1504_Dec2010_high_r02.pdf
          Permanent link to just LandMapper article on Landviser's website http://landviser.net/webfm_send/69
Also look for this and other relevant references in our free-access public library “Soil Electrical Geophysics” http://www.landviser.net/content/soil-electrical-geophysics-public-library-zotero

Wednesday, February 2, 2011

Applications of LandMapper handheld for near-surface soil surveys and beyond

On-the-go sensors, designed to measure soil electrical resistivity (ER) or electrical conductivity (EC) are vital for faster non-destructive soil mapping in precision agriculture, civil and environmental engineering, archaeology and other near-surface applications. Compared with electromagnetic methods and ground penetrating radar, methods of EC/ER measured with direct current and four-electrode probe have fewer limitations and were successfully applied on clayish and saline soils as well as on highly resistive stony and sandy soils. However, commercially available contact devices, which utilize a four-electrode principle, are bulky, very expensive, and can be used only on fallow fields. Multi-electrode ER-imaging systems applied in deep geophysical explorations are heavy, cumbersome and their use is usually cost-prohibited in many near-surface applications, such as forestry, archaeology, environmental site assessment and cleanup, and in agricultural surveys on farms growing perennial horticultural crops, vegetables, or turf-grass. In such applications there is a need for accurate, portable, low-cost device to quickly check resistivity of the ground on-a-spot, especially on the sites non-accessible with heavy machinery.

Four-electrode principle of EC/ER measurements

Our equipment utilizes well-known four-electrode principle to measure electrical resistivity or conductivity, as shown in the figure. LandMapper® measures potential difference ( Dj) which arises between two electrodes (M and N), when electrical current (I) is applied to other two electrodes (A and B). landmapperThe increase of the distance among four electrodes in a set allows measuring resistivity of deeper layers, f.e. probe of A2M2N2B2 reaches deeper than A1M1N1B1. In theory, electrical resistivity (ER) of a material is defined as follows: clip_image004
where L is the length of a uniform conductor with a cross-sectional area A. A/L is a geometrical coefficient (K), which is easily calculated for different in-situ electrode arrangements and laboratory conductivity cells. LandMapper® calculates electrical resistivity using formula: clip_image006 . The direct digital output of the device is electrical resistivity in Ohm m. Those can be converted automatically in electrical conductivity (S/m) inside LandMapper® ERM-02 by using reciprocal of the measured resistivity: clip_image008 . Thus, the measured results may as well be presented in convenient for soil scientists form of soil electrical conductivity (EC), which is routinely used to evaluate salinity of soils and irrigation water. However, EC can be used in many more applications than just soil salinity! Also ERM-02 can output natural electrical potential (EP) of soil and plants, which has some specific applications .

Applications of EC/ER technology in soil studies

Mapping of soil properties highly influencing density of mobile electrical charges (measured EC/ER strongly correlates with those properties in-situ):
1. Soil salinity
2. Soil texture (i.e. silt, sand and clay contents, working formula needs to be developed)
3. Coarse fragment content and depth to bedrockclip_image010
4. Depth to limiting layers like clay and plow pan (wastewater - leaching fields)
5. Groundwater depth - capillary rise extent in profile
6. Correlations between soil EC maps and yield maps for many crops were established
7. Depth and extent of permafrost.
8. Pollution detection - depth and limits (pollution during oil and gas mining, for example)
9. Location and stability of karsts and carbonate sink holes.
10. Mapping of soil disturbance and search for hidden objects (drainage pipes, urban underground communications, forensic and archaeological applications).
11. Estimating depth of peat deposits during prospecting and locating methane accumulations in natural bogs and swamps.
clip_image012

Monitoring processes where only one soil properties changes:

12. Soil water content changes
13. Monitoring fertilizer uptake and other solute transport in soils (f.e. during phytoremediation)
14. Monitoring of freezing-melting processes in soil
15. Mapping and monitoring leakage from the retention ponds and sewage ponds, and underground oil storage tanks.

 

Applications in soil genesis studies.

Many soils of humid areas developed under downward leaching and typically feature the elluvial horizon with very high resistivity.
16. The thickness of horizons, the degree of eluviations and soil profile organization can be evaluated either without digging soil pits or by quick checking EC on the walls of soil pits.
17. Measuring of soil vertical and horizontal anisotropy non-destructively.

Special applications beyond soil studies:

clip_image01418. Forestry – in addition to evaluating all important soil properties of forest soils, monitoring ER of a growing tree can indicate wood quality and if plant is stressed (also electrical potential is especially useful in plant health studies as non-penetrating electrodes can be mounted on surface of herbaceous plants).
19. Evaluating and monitoring stability of the roads (seasonal, gr avel, asphalt, on permafrost or landslides, etc.).
20. Measuring integrity of underground electrical cables and pipes (and soil corrosive properties).
21. Monitoring charge-recharge processes in membrane resins in water purification plants or consumer distillers.
22. ….? Can you think of any other possible applications that can benefit if electrical conductivity/potential of a natural system could be measured quickly and non-destructively?
We at Landviser, LLC would like to hear from you! Post a comment, or email us at info@landviser.com.
Richard Feynman once said: “There is not a single phenomenon in Nature which is not driven by electricity to some extent. ” (quote paraphrased)
Richard Feynman (1918-88) had an enormous talent of explaining complicated scientific matters to non-scientists. Watch this short video where he admires wonders of electricity in the dentist’s waiting room – “Electricity is bigger than gravity!”

Wednesday, January 27, 2010

LandMapper® ERM-02 - versatile and affordable

Don’t break your back collecting soil samples. Reduce amount of samples sent for laboratory analysis and save money. And still make detail soil map of your fields, which will be more accurate than conventional soil surveys. Impossible? Not at all with LandMapper ERM-02.

This device measures three important electrical properties of soil: electrical resistivity (ER), conductivity (EC), and potential (EP). Utilizing the most accurate four-electrode principle LandMapper measures ER or EC and helps delineate areas with contrasting soil properties within the fields quickly, non-destructively and cost-efficiently.
In a typical setting, a four-electrode probe is placed on the soil surface and an electrical resistivity or conductivity value is read from the digital display. Using the device prior to soil sampling you can significantly reduce the amount of samples required and precisely design a sampling plan based on the site spatial variability.
Bulk soil EC was correlated with salinity, texture, stone content, total available nutrients, water holding capacity, and filtration rates. Guided by detailed soil EC map obtained with LandMapper, only minimal amount of soil samples is needed to invert EC map into correlated soil properties. Also, LandMapper can be used to measure EC in soil pastes, suspensions and solutions and quickly estimate total dissolved salts (TDS) in solid and liquid samples.
LandMapper ERM-02 was successfully used for non-destructive mapping and monitoring of agricultural fields as well as construction, remediation and archaeological sites.
The device measures ER or EC in soil from 1 inch down to 30 feet, depth is set by changing four-electrode probes of different sizes. Probes can be easily assembled from inexpensive materials available at any hardware store.

Repeat the measurements using series of probes with increasing distances among electrodes and collect detail information about soil horizons, hardpan and groundwater depth. Additional processing of such ER data allows to plot 1D, 2D and even 3D images of subsurface (RES2DINV and RES3DINV software developed by Geotomo is available through Landviser as well).
LandMapper is resistivity meter and datalogger (stores 999 readings), but not a multiplexer, but some researchers from USDA constructed manual multeplexer interface for LandMapper. ERM-02 model has option of directing measurement by PC. Software is being developed by us for multiplexing and monitoring studies with LandMapper.

LandMapper ERM-02 is the most versatile device in LandMapper series and allows you not only measure ER and EC using artificially applied electrical current and four-electrode probes, but also study natural electrical fields in soils and plants with non-polarizing electrodes. Electrical balance between soil and plants is important for plant health; electrical potential gradient governs water and nutrient uptake by plants.

Key Features
  • Compact and portable design (weights only 250 g without the probe)
  • Fast (one measurement takes 4 sec)
  • Accurate (Automatically adjusts electrical resistivity (ER)/conductivity (EC)/potential (EP) ranges to provide best measurement accuracy >99%)
ER= 0.01-1,000,000 Ω m
EC= 0.000 001 – 10 S/m
EP = -1 to +1 V (D=0.01 mV)
  • Safe and reliable (uses a standard 9 V battery)
  • PC connected for data transfer (stores 999 data values in non-volatile memory)
  • Modular and interchangeable (detachable measuring unit accepts mapping 4-electrode probes, sounding cables, laboratory cells, micro-probes, and non-polarizing electrodes)
  • Versatile (the same unit can be used for field mapping, measurements in soil, plant and food samples as well as on live plants and animals)
  • Affordable (inquire about our very competitive prices and rental rates (US only)  as well as available educational and multiple unit discounts) 
Download this info as a 3-fold brochure
To discuss your research needs and applications contact us at
info@landviser.com
Phone: 888-306-LAND (5263)  or 1-609-412-0555 (International)
Fax: 815-301-8955